Great question!

This is one of the ways we know that the gospel of Matthew was published early, and Paul was familiar with it.

There are no Old Testament passages that predict Jesus being buried for three days.

But there is a new testament. Jesus says so Himself in Matthew 12:38-40:

[38] Then some of the scribes and Pharisees answered him, saying, “Teacher, we wish to see a sign from you.” [39] But he answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. [40] For just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.”

This provides us with early evidence that Paul is familiar with Matthew, and considered it scripture, on the level with the Old Testament books.